Chiba (???, Chiba-shi, Japanese: [t?i?ba]) is the capital city of Chiba Prefecture, Japan. It sits about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of the center of Tokyo on Tokyo Bay. Chiba City became a government-designated city in 1992. In February 2016, its population was 972,861, with a population density of 3,580 people per square kilometer. The city had an area of 271.76 square kilometres (104.93 sq mi).
Chiba City is one of the Kant? region's primary seaports, and is home to Chiba Port, which handles one of the highest volumes of cargo in the nation. Much of the city is residential, although there are many factories and warehouses along the coast. There are several major urban centers in the city, including Makuhari, a prime waterfront business district in which Makuhari Messe is located, and Central Chiba, in which the prefectural government office and the city hall are located.
Chiba is famous for the Chiba Urban Monorail, the longest suspended monorail in the world. Some popular destinations in the city include: Kasori Shell Midden, the largest shellmound in the world at 134,000 m2 (160,000 sq yd), Inage Beach, the first artificial beach in the nation which forms part of the longest artificial beach in Japan, and the Chiba City Zoological Park, popular on account of the standing red panda Futa.
Video Chiba, Chiba
Etymology
The name of Chiba in the Japanese language is formed from two kanji characters. The first, ?, means "thousand" and the second, ? means "leaves". The name first appears as an ancient kuni no miyatsuko, or regional command office, as the Chiba Kuni no Miyatsuko (????). The name was adopted by a branch of the Taira clan, which moved to the area in present-day Chiba City in the late Heian period. The branch of the Taira adopted the name and became the Chiba clan, which held strong influence over the area of the prefecture until the Azuchi-Momoyama period. The name "Chiba" was chosen for Chiba Prefecture at the time its creation in 1873 by the Assembly of Prefectural Governors (?????, Chih? Kankai Kaigi), an early Meiji-period body of prefectural governors that met to decide the structure of local and regional administration in Japan.
Maps Chiba, Chiba
History
Early history
The first records related to the city of Chiba record the emigration of Taira Tsuneshige (1083?-1088), a powerful bushi warlord of the late Heian period, to Shim?sa Province, which historically occupied the north of Chiba Prefecture. Tsuneshige was appointed as gunji administrator of S?ma District, but was transferred to the same position in Chiba District two years later. Here he proclaimed himself Chiba Tsuneshige (????), became a kokushi governor of the province, and used the area around present-day Chiba City as a power base to rule over Shim?sa Province, Kazusa Province, as well as establish himself as a military force in the Kant? region. Tsuneshige's son, Chiba Tsunetane (????) (1118-1201) was instrumental in aiding Minamoto Yoritomo (1147-1199) with the establishment of the Kamakura shogunate. Tsuneshige built a spacious residence and numerous temples in present-day Chiba City, and in the same period he transferred his power base from ?ji Castle to Inohana Castle on Mount Inohana. The area of present-day Chiba City became j?kamachi (???), or castle town, and prospered under the Chiba clan. The clan's power extended in the region until the Muromachi period.
Medieval period
The Chiba clan's power and influence declined because of wars around the Kant? region during the Nanboku-cho and Muromachi periods. In the 16th century, instead of the Chiba clan, the Hara clan, which was one of the servants of Chiba clan, wielded power in this region. In the Sengoku period, the Hara clan was forcibly removed by Ashikaga Yoshiaki (????, not to be confused with ????). Then, Ashikaga Yoshiaki was also removed by the Sakai (?? not to be confused with the Sakai clan in Mikawa) clan, which was one of the servants of the Satomi (??) clan. Finally both the Chiba and Sakai clans were annihilated by Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
Later history
In the Edo period, the Oyumi (???), Morikawa (???) clan, and the Sakura (???) clans governed the area now occupied by the city. A part of the area was also governed directly by the Tokugawa Bakufu. The Oyumi clan governed their territory stably. On the other hand, according to the Sakura clan, from the beginning of the Edo period, changed governors frequently, including Takeda Nobuyoshi, Matsudaira Tadateru, Ogasawara Yoshitsugu (?????), and Doi Toshikatsu. Finally the Hotta clan stabilized the governance of their territory. Chiba prospered in this period as a shukuba (??) post-town of the Tokugawa shogunate.
Modern history
After the Meiji Restoration in 1868 and the advent of the railroad in Japan Chiba became the political, economic, and cultural capital of the Chiba Prefecture. Chiba City founded on January 1, 1921. Numerous small villages and towns were merged into the previous town of Chiba (???), a process that continued until 1944. Large-scale land reclamation added to the area of the city throughout the 20th century. The city was a major center of military production leading up to World War II, and as such, was a target of aerial bombing by the United States. The city was almost completely destroyed by the end of the war. Post-war industrialization led to the city becoming a major part of the Keiy? Industrial Zone. Chiba became a Designated City of Japan on April 1, 1992.
Climate
Chiba has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with very hot summers and cool to mild winters. Precipitation is significant throughout the year, but is somewhat lower in winter.
Demographics
As of February 2016, the city had an estimated population of 972,861 and a population density of 3,580 persons per km². The total area of the city is 271.76 km2 (104.93 sq mi). There were 19,135 registered foreign residents in the city as of March 31, 2007, making up for about 2% of the total population. It is the 14th most populated city in Japan.
Politics and government
Chiba was governed by Keiichi Tsuruoka, an independent (elected with support of LDP and K?meit?), until May 1, 2009. He was arrested in April 2009 during a corruption investigation by the Tokyo Metropolitan Police. He was succeeded by Toshihito Kumagai of the DPJ, who won election in June 2009.
The city assembly has 54 elected members.
Wards
Culture
Chiba Prefecture is famous for peanuts, or rakkasei. One of the many points of interest is the Experimental Station for Landscape Plants.
Facilities
- Chiba Zoo
- Makuhari Messe
Sports
Chiba plays host to the annual International Chiba Ekiden and the Chiba International Cross Country takes place just outside the city. Chiba Velodrome is located within the city. It also hosts the Bridgestone Open golf tournament.
Chiba is home to several professional sports teams, most notably:
Transportation
Airports
There is no commercial airport within city limits. Narita International Airport and Tokyo International Airport (Haneda) are the closest major airports.
Railway
The Chiba Urban Monorail runs through Chiba City. The major intercity railway stations are Chiba Station, (Sobu Line, Sotob? Line, Uchibo Line, S?bu Main Line, Narita Line, transfer for Chiba Urban Monorail), Keisei Chiba Station (Keisei Chiba Line), and Soga Station, (Keiy? Line, Sotob? Line, Uchibo Line) all in Ch??-ku.
Highway
- Higashi-Kant? Expressway to Tokyo, Narita and Kashima
- Tateyama Expressway to Kisarazu
- Keiy? Road
- Chiba-T?gane Road (Japan National Route 126
- Japan National Route 14
- Japan National Route 16
- Japan National Route 51
- Japan National Route 128
- Japan National Route 357
Education
Colleges and universities
- Chiba University
- Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences
- Kanda University of International Studies
- Tokyo Dental College
- Shukutoku University
- Keiai University
- Chiba Keizai University
- Tokyo University of Information Sciences
- Uekusa University
- Teikyo Heisei University (Chiba campus)
- Chiba Meitoku College
- Japan Christian Junior College
High schools
Chiba has 20 public high schools operated by the Chiba Prefectural Board of Education and two public high schools operated by the Chiba City Board of Education, including Inage Senior High School. There are also nine private high schools, including the Makuhari Junior and Senior High School.
Elementary and middle schools
Chiba has 114 public and one private elementary school and 59 public and one private middle school.
International schools
- Chiba Korean Primary and Junior High School
Hospitals and clinics
- Chiba Kaihin Hospital (Mihama-ku)
- Chiba University Hospital (Chuo-ku)
- Kashiwado Hospital (Chuo-ku)
- Tokyo Dental College Chiba Hospital (Mihama-ku)
- Koizumi Clinic (Hanamigawa-ku)
- Mizuno Clinic (Hanamigawa-ku)
- Hirayama Hospital (Hanamigawa-ku)
Twin towns - sister cities
Chiba is twinned with:
- North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, since January 1, 1970
- Asunción, Paraguay, since January 1, 1970
- Houston, Texas, United States, since October 24, 1972
- Quezon City, Philippines, since November 9, 1972
- Tianjin, China, since May 7, 1986
- Montreux, Switzerland, since May 28, 1996
- Wujiang, China, since October 10, 1996
Notable people
- Sawa Ishige, born in Shizuoka but moved to Chiba
- Ryuta Kawashima, born in Chiba in 1959
- Masaki Aiba, of Arashi
- Pata, of X Japan and Ra:IN
- Yukihiro of L'Arc-en-Ciel, from Chiba and a graduate of The Chiba University of Commerce
- Tomohisa Yamashita, of NEWS
- Naohito Fujiki, Japan Academy Prize-winning actor
- Natsuki Mizu, top star of Snow Troupe in the Takarazuka Revue
- Daiki Arioka, of Hey! Say! JUMP
- Shiho Fujita, better known as Sifow
- Mirei Kiritani, actress, model, news anchor
- Kentaro Miura, creator of Berserk
- Tao Okamoto, model
- Reina Fujie of NMB48
- Cho Chikun, Go-player and Honorable citizen of Chiba City (1996).
- Shiina Natsukawa, pop idol and member of girl group TrySail
See also
- Japan portal
- Tokyo portal
References
External links
- Chiba City official website (in Japanese)
- Chiba Japan Information Site
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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